Glossary

Vocabulary Words as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary

A    B    C    D    E    F    G    H    I    J    K    L    M    N    O    P    Q    R    S    T    U    V    W    X    Y    Z


A

Apoplectical:
1. 1656 BLOUNT Glossogr., Apoplectical, pertaining to the apoplexy. 1668 Lond. Gaz. ccxxvii/2 Dangerously ill of an Apoplectical distemper. 1779 JOHNSON in Boswell (1816) III. 455 Mr. Thrale has been in extreme danger from an apoplectical disorder.
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Approbation:
1.
The action of proving true; confirmation, attestation, proof. Obs.
1393 GOWER Conf. II. 86 With calcination Of verray approbation Do that there be fixation. 1533 MORE Debell. Salem Wks. 1006/1 And in approbacion of hys other saying, conclude and say thus much ferther. 1611 SHAKES. Cymb. I. iv. 134 Would I had put my Estate..on th' approbation of what I haue spoke. a1718 PENN Life Wks. 1726 I. 152 So great an Approbation of their Impostures.

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7

Asperity
1.
Unevenness of surface, roughness, ruggedness; concr. in pl. sharp, rough, or rugged excrescences.
1491 CAXTON Vitas Patr. (W. de W.) I. xxxvii. 50 a/1, Fewe people wente for to see him, for the grete asprete or sharp~nesse of the place. 1578 LYTE Dodoens 246 Iuyce of Mynte..taketh away the asperitie, and roughnesse of the tongue. 1662 H. MORE Antid. Ath. II. xii. (1712) 84 To view the Asperities of the Moon through a Dioptrick-glass. 1743 tr. Heister's Surg. 396 If any splinters or Asperities of Bones present themselves. 1830 LINDLEY Nat. Syst. Bot. 25 Almost all Delimaceæ have the leaves covered with asperities.

2. Roughness of savour, tartness, acridity, acrimony. arch.
1620 VENNER Via Recta v. 87 Very good for the asperity and siccity of the stomacke. 1667 Phil. Trans. II. 512 Esteeming the Mass of bloud by reason of its asperity..unfit for nutrition. 1747 BERKELEY Siris §86 (T.) The asperity of tartarous salts.
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B

Billet:
1. gen. a. A short written document; a small paper, notice, or note; a label. Obs.
[1317 in Dugdale Monast. Angl. I. 654 Secundum quod continetur in quadam billetta inter sigillum & scriptum ante consignationem affixa.] c1440 Promp. Parv. 36 Bylet, scrowe [v.r. Bille], matricula. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, x. §2 Acquietaunce, writynges, billes, or billettis, wherby it may appere..[that] the seid Commyssioners..have receyved the somme. 1555 Fardle Facions II. iv. 142 Thei caried vppon their foreheades..pretie billettes of Paper..these were called their Philacteries.

b. A bill of fare. Obs. rare.
1577 HARRISON England II. xv. (1877) 272 Which bill [of dishes] some doo call a memoriall, other a billet.

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C

Condign:
1. Equal in worth or dignity (to). Obs.
c1470 HARDING Chron. LXXXIV. vii, This Kyng Arthure, to whom none was
condigne Through all the world. 1490 CAXTON How to Die 6 And yet be not the passyons of this world condygne ne worthy to the glorye to come. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Rom. viii. 18 The passions of this time are not condigne [Vulg. condignæ, WYCLIF & 16th C. vv. worthy] to the glorie to come. 1854 S. DOBELL Balder xxiii. 116 Rank after mingling rank..but each Condign, and in a personality Confest.

2. Worthy, deserving. Const. of, to do a thing. a. Of persons. Obs. (or arch.)
1513 BRADSHAW St. Werburge II. 1744 She hath great honour..As most condigne to beare the principalite. 1531 ELYOT Gov. I. xxiv, There shall nat lacke here after condigne writers to registre his actes. 1585 JAMES I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 37 He of Laurell is conding, Who wysely can with proffit, pleasure ming. 1596 SPENSER F.Q. VII. vi. 11 Her selfe of all that rule she deemed most condigne. [1833 I. TAYLOR Fanat. vi. 147 The persuasion that [our fellowmen] are condign objects of such treatment.]

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D

Despondency: 
The state of desponding; loss of hope and cessation of effort; discouragement; depression or dejection of the mind. Feeling downcast and disheartened and hopeless, heartsickness
.

Destitute:
1. Abandoned, forsaken, deserted. Obs.
1382 WYCLIF Rev. xviii. 17 For in oon hour so many richessis ben destitute [Vulg. destitutæ sunt]. 1480 CAXTON Chron. Eng. ccxxvi. 233 Long large and wyde clothes destytut and desert from al old honeste and good vsage. 1592 Nobody & Someb. (1878) 350 Great houses long since built Lye destitute and wast, because inhabited by Nobody. 1593 SHAKES. Lucr. 441 Left their round turrets destitute and pale.

b. Of persons: Forsaken, left friendless or helpless, forlorn. (Blending at length with sense 3.)
1513 MORE in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 757 If devision, and dissencion of their friendes, had not unarmed them, and left them destitute. 1530 PALSGR. 310/1 Destytut forsaken, destitue. 1632 SHERWOOD, To leaue destitute, destituer, abandonner en detresse. 1704 COCKER, Destitute, left forsaken. 1706 PHILLIPS (ed. Kersey), Destitute, deprived, bereaved, forsaken, forlorn. 1740 DYCHE & PARDON, Destitute, helpless, forlorn, forsaken; in want and misery. 1755 JOHNSON, Destitute..2. Abject, friendless.
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E

Execrable:
1. Expressing or involving a curse; hence, of an imprecation: Awful, fearful. Obs.
1382 WYCLIF 2 Pet. ii. 11 Aungels..beren not a

ens hem the execrable..doom. 1580 BARET Alv. C 1802 A Cursing and oth execrable. 1622 FLETCHER Sea Voy. II. ii, Did we then..here plant ourselves, With execrable oaths never to look On man? c1630 in Risdon Surv. Devon §108 (1810) 100 A fearful and execrable curse on all such as shal deminish..it.

2. Of persons and things: Deserving to be execrated or cursed; abominable, detestable.
1490 CAXTON Eneydos iv. (1890) 19 Full of so excecrable cruelte. 1513 MORE Rich. III, Wks. 36/2 The execrable desire of souerayntee, prouoked him to theire destruccion. c1590 MARLOWE Faust Wks. (Rtldg.) 95/2 Thou execrable dog. 1667 MILTON P.L. XII. 64 O execrable Son so to aspire Above his brethren. 1703 MAUNDRELL Journ. Jerus. (1721) 68 It was..shut out of the Walls of the City, as an execrable and polluted place. 1736 BERKELEY Disc. Magistrates Wks. III. 427 That execrable Fraternity of Blasphemers, lately set up within this city of Dublin. 1871 MORLEY Voltaire (1886) 169 He is either a lover of parasites..or else the most execrable cynic. 1878 TENNYSON Q. Mary II. ii, A knot of ruffians..With execrating execrable eyes.

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I

Impunely:
With impunity; without punishment.
1614 T. ADAMS Fatal Banquet i. Wks. 1861 I. 184 The blood of his enemies shall not be impunely shed. a1711 KEN Hymns Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 118 Shall he impunely sacred Law defie? 1715 D. JONES Hist. House Brunswick 380 A certain Militia Captain..(and that impunedly) order'd the Musick on his March to play, ‘The King shall enjoy his Own again’.

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M

Machination: 
The act of plotting. A crafty scheme or cunning design for the accomplishment of a sinister end.

Malediction: 
The calling down of a curse. To slander.

Mediatrix:
A female mediator. (Often applied to the Virgin Mary.)
1462-3 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 270 Pray the vierge immaculat To be good mediatrix. 1577-87 HOLINSHED Chron. III. 1183/2 As a meane or mediatrix betweene the parties, there was Christierna dutchesse of Loraine. 1651 tr. De-las-Coveras' Don Fenise 39 She having confessed herselfe the mediatrix of their loves. 1738 OZELL Cervantes 9 Certain..Knights..invoking them [their Ladies]..as so many Advocates and Mediatrixes in their Conflicts and Encounters. 1753 RICHARDSON Grandison IV. iv. 21 War seems to be declared: And will you not turn mediatrix? Ibid. IV. xxviii. 175 Mediators and mediatrices. 1781 WARTON Hist. Eng. Poetry III. 493 The mediatrix of the factions of France. 1846 PUSEY Let. in Liddon, etc. Life II. 505 The [Roman] system as to the Blessed Virgin as the Mediatrix and Dispenser of all present blessings to mankind. 1848 THACKERAY Van. Fair xi, The friendship..lasted as long as the jovial old mediatrix was there to keep the peace. 1880 MEREDITH Tragic Com. xi (end), Here was the mediatrix the veritable goddess with the sword to cut the knot!
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Mollify:

1. trans. To render soft or supple; to make tender; to reduce the hardness of. Also absol. Now rare.
1426 LYDG. De Guil. Pilgr. 8399 Han a leche..Thy synwes harde to mollefye With oynementys, to make hem plye. Ibid. 10982 Dyamaunt, I trowe, ys noon, Nor noon other maner ston So indurat, to mollefye, As he. 1490 CAXTON Eneydos xv. 59 The erth..was alle made fatte and molyfyed wyth the blode of the bestes that were there Immolated. 1555 EDEN Decades 220 These skynnes being made verye harde, they hunge them..in the sea..to mollifie them. 1610 MARKHAM Masterp. II. clxxiii. 493 Manna is of equall temper hote and dry; it openeth, it mollifieth, and incarnateth. 1638 WILKINS New World xiv. (1707) 119 Metals are not rarify'd by melting, but mollify'd. 1707 Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 300 One of the..Plants is that which so mollifies the Bones, that..we cannot stand upon our Legs. 1832 W. IRVING Tales Alhambra, Moor's Legacy (1875) 161 Pedrillo Pedrugo..put a basin of hot water under his chin, and began to mollify his beard with his fingers. fig. 1624 DONNE Devotions 306 Thou rainest vpon vs and yet doest not alwayes mollifie all our hardnes.

b. to mollify the fist (? nonce-use): a jocular substitution for ‘to grease the palm’.
1698 FRYER Acc. E. India & P. 98 Making the Merchant dance attendance till a right understanding be created betwixt the Shawbunder and them, which commonly follows when the Fist is mollified.

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P

Palliation:
1. The action of palliating; the cloaking or concealing (of an act, etc.); that which serves to conceal or hide; a cloak, covering. Obs.
1577 PATERICKE tr. Gentillet (1602) 228 They make her [justice] serve..as a palliation or coverture, for all assassi[n]ments, murders, and vengeances. 1649 MILTON Eikon. xxvii. 1660 H. MORE Myst. Godl. To Rdr. 9 The generality of Christians make the external frame of Religion but a palliation for sin. 1794 SULLIVAN View Nat. V. 344 Candour would wish to throw a veil over the failings of an illustrious character; but deliberately perpetrated crimes have no claim to palliation.

2. The action of disguising or seeking to make less conspicuous, the enormity of (a crime, etc.) by excuses and apologies; extenuation; excuse; often in phrase in palliation of.
1605 BACON Adv. Learn. II. xi. §3 Herein comes in crookedly and dangerously, a palliation of a great part of Ceremoniall Magicke. 1766 GOLDSM. Vic. W. xxx, This..though not a perfect excuse, is such a palliation of his fault as induces me to forgive him. 1867 FREEMAN Norm. Conq. I. vi. 570 He could not..invoke even the tyrant's plea of necessity in palliation of his evil deeds.

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Paralytical:
1586
BRIGHT Melanch. xxiv. 138 The muscle..receiueth a kynde of paraliticall disposition for the time. 1606 Proc. agst. Late Traitors 392 The state of this..Island..was in a manner paraliticall. 1650 C. ELDERFIELD Tythes 89 Many a paralytical or spasmatical fit. 1788 REID Active Powers II. i. 532 Some persons have recovered the power of speech after they had lost it by a paralytical stroke.
 
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Pragmatical: 
Skilled in business, especially in law and state affairs, systematic. Of or pertaining to business or to affairs; of the nature of business; practical; material; businesslike in habit or manner.


R

Repining:
The action of the vb., or an instance of this; discontent, grumbling, fretting.
1550 LEVER Serm. (Arb.) 34 It is not therefore repynyng, rebellyng, or resistyng gods ordinance, that wyll amende euyll rulers. 1617 MORYSON Itin. I. 266 After some repining he was satisfied therewith. 1663 PEPYS Diary 15 May, Which the world takes notice of, even to some repinings. 1712 ADDISON Spect. No. 387
2 Repinings, and secret Murmurs of Heart. 1810 CRABBE Borough xxi. 342 Let thy repinings cease, Oh! man of sin, for they thy guilt increase. 1867 PARKMAN Jesuits N. Amer. i. (1875) 6 Workmen.., who gave him at times no little trouble by their repinings and complaints.
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Rustic: 
A rural person or a person regarded as crude, coarse, or simple.


S

Sagacious:
1.
Acute in perception, esp. by the sense of smell. Const. of. Obs.
1607 TOPSELL Four-f. Beasts Ep. Ded. A5, The Bees seeke out their King if he loose himselfe, and by a most sagacious smelling-sence, neuer cease till he be found out. 1656 BLOUNT Glossogr., Sagacious,..quick of scent, taste or sight. 1667 MILTON P.L. x. 281 So sented the grim Feature, and upturn'd His Nostril wide into the murkie Air, Sagacious of his Quarry from so farr. 1700 DRYDEN Cock & Fox 751 With Might and Main they chas'd the murd'rous Fox,..Nor wanted Horns t' inspire sagacious Hounds. 1732 POPE Ess. Man I. 214 And hound sagacious on the tainted green.

2. Gifted with acuteness of mental discernment; having special aptitude for the discovery of truth; penetrating and judicious in the estimation of character and motives, and in the devising of means for the accomplishment of ends; shrewd.
1650 BULWER Anthropomet. 145 It would seem a wonder if sagacious Nature should faulter only in the forming of that part. 1682 SIR T. BROWNE Chr. Mor. I. §6 True Charity is sagacious, and will find out hints for beneficence. 1704 RAY Creation I. (ed. 4) 95 The Study and Endeavours of the most sagacious Naturalists. 1756 C. LUCAS Ess. Waters III. 125 Our very sagacious author found them in this condition. 1781 COWPER Conversat. 742 The world grown old, her deep discernment shows, Claps spectacles on her sagacious nose. 1794 S. WILLIAMS Vermont 136 He appeared to the greatest advantage, sagacious in distinguishing and observing. 1849 MACAULAY Hist. Eng. vii. II. 194 He had been urged by an adviser less sagacious and more impetuous than himself, to try a bolder course. 1863 GEO. ELIOT Romola xix, Bardi was entirely under the ascendency of his sagacious and practical friend.

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Sluicing:
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V

Veneration:
 The highest degree of respect and reverence.